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End Notes

[1] Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, “Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting Mutual Respect and Understanding,” OSCE Ministerial Council Decision, no. 10/07, MC.DEC/10/07, November 30, 2007, http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2007/12/28629_en.pdf.

[2] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Annual Report, 2008, TK-AG-08-001-EN-C, http://fra.europa.eu/fra/material/pub/ar08/ar08_en.pdf, pp. 30-31.

[3] Bashy Quraishy, ENAR Shadow Report 2006: Racism in Denmark, European Network Against Racism, http://cms.horus.be/files/99935/MediaArchive/pdf/Denmark_2006.pdf, p.30.

[4] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Annual Report, 2008, TK-AG-08-001-EN-C, http://fra.europa.eu/fra/material/pub/ar08/ar08_en.pdf, pp. 30-31.

[5] Human Rights First correspondence with the Dutch National Police, a program folder “Start Project Hate Crimes en Expertmeeting Regionaal Discriminatie Overleg,” September 14, 2008.

[6] Human Rights First correspondence with Tas Floris, Discrimination focal point in the Dutch National Police, September 14, 2008.

[7] Response of the Equality and Antidiscrimination Ombudsman to a Human Rights First questionnaire, October 2, 2007.

[8] Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism, Discriminatie, Diversiteit, Jaarverslag 2007, http://www.diversiteit.be/?action=publicatie_detail&id=32&thema=2.

[9] Marcus McCann, “Ontario earmarks cash to respond to hate crimes,” Capital Xtra, July 19, 2008, http://www.xtra.ca/public/Ottawa/Ontario_earmarks_cash_to_respond_to_hate_crimes-5157.aspx.

[10] Response of the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs to a Human Rights First questionnaire, August 28, 2008.

[11] Maneo, Summary Report on Maneo Workshop 3: Homophobia and Violence Against Gays in Public Space, Berlin, May 16-17, 2008.

[12] Human Rights First interview with Floris Tas, Discrimination focal point in the Dutch National Police, and Jan Snyder, Hate Crimes Project Officer, June 24, 2008.

[13] Training amounts to the equivalent of five weeks of full-time study. Rikspolisstyrelsen, “Polisens årsredovisning 2007,” CO-902-6546/06, 2008, http://www.polisen.se/mediaarchive/4347/3474/3928/Polisens_AR_2007.pdf.

[14] Rikspolisstyrelsen, “Polisens årsredovisning 2007,” CO-902-6546/06, 2008, http://www.polisen.se/mediaarchive/4347/3474/3928/Polisens_AR_2007.pdf.

[15] The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Violence Against People with Disbilities, Stockholm, 2007, http://www.bra.se/extra/measurepoint/?module_instance=4&name=2007_26_Violence_against_people_with_disabilities.pdf&url=/dynamaster/file_archive/080722/3d8defdab490764cf782192089268ee6/2007 percent255f26 percent255fViolence percent255fagainst percent255fpeople percent255fwith percent255fdisabilities.pdf.

[16] The Minister of State for Communities and Local Government, All-Party Inquiry into Antisemitism: Government Response One year on Progress Report, May 12, 2008, http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm73/7381/7381.pdf.

[17] Chris Johnson, “Campus and FBI hate crime reporting to be uniform,” Human Rights Campaign, August 1, 2008, http://www.hrcbackstory.org/2008/08/campus-and-fbi.html.

[18] Mia Dauvergne, Katie Scrim and Shannon Brennan, Hate Crime in Canada 2006, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, 2006, http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/85F0033MIE/85F0033MIE2008017.pdf.

[19] Human Rights First correspondence with a senior analyst at the Policing Services Program, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, August 18, 2008.

[20] The report covers only crimes with a possible racial or religious motivation: homophobic hate crimes are not included.

[21] The Danish Security Intelligence Service, RACI-report 2007, http://www.pet.dk/upload/raci2007.pdf.

[22] Human Rights First correspondence with Dieter Stelzer, German Ministry of the Interior, Federal Agency for State Protection and Counter Terrorism, July 22, 2008.

[23] Maneo provides a gay emergency hotline and victim support services homosexual and bisexual men and youths in Berlin. For more information, see Maneo at http://www.maneo.de/highres/english/e_hindex.html.

[24] Maneo, Maneo Survey 2006/2007, Berlin: 2007. Human Rights First correspondence with Bastian Finke, Maneo Project Director, on August 7, 2008.

[25] Maneo, Summary Report on Maneo Workshop 3: Homophobia and Violence Against Gays in Public Space, Berlin, May 16-17, 2008.

[26] Stonewall, Homophobic Hate Crime: The Gay British Crime Survey, June 26, 2008, http://www.stonewall.org.uk.

[27] Mind, “Mind reveals alarming levels of disability hate crime,” November 29, 2007, http://www.mind.org.uk/News+policy+and+campaigns/Press/2007_11_29_AA.htm.